Dan A. Dixon Pages 635 - 646 ( 12 )
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin formation in pathogenic states. The molecular regulation of COX-2 gene expression is normally tightly regulated on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, loss of function at either level of COX-2 gene regulation promotes constitutive COX-2 overexpression which plays a key role in carcinogenesis, particularly colorectal tumorigenesis. Current work investigating the regulatory mechanisms of COX-2 expression has demonstrated post-transcriptional regulation to play a central role. Rapid COX-2 mRNA decay and translational inhibition is mediated through a conserved AU-rich element (ARE) present within the 3-untranslated region (3UTR). The COX-2 ARE exerts its control through association with ARE RNA-binding proteins. These trans-acting regulatory factors influence the fate of COX-2 mRNA by controlling mRNA degradation, stabilization, or translation. Recent evidence demonstrates the functional significance rapid mRNA decay and translational inhibition play in controlling COX-2 gene expression and that, if dysregulated, allow for overexpression of COX-2 and other associated angiogenic factors detected in neoplasia.
cox,cyclooxygenase,prostaglandins,cancer,post-transcriptional regulation,mrna stability,au-rich element,rna-binding protein
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 1161 21st Ave. S., D-2300 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2733, USA.