F. Jirillo, G. Martemucci, A.G. D'Alessandro, M.A. Panaro, A. Cianciulli, M. Superbo, E. Jirillo and T. Magrone Pages 870 - 876 ( 7 )
The in vitro effects of goats milk from different sources (Jonica, Saanen, and Priska breeds plus a commercial preparation) on healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated in terms of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine release. According to the incubation time (24 h or 48 h) used all milks could induce release of NO from monocytes. In this context, however, in the presence of a commercial milk preparation inhibition of lypopolysaccharide (LPS)-induce NO generation was evident. Also polymorphonuclear cells stimulated with the various milks released detectable amounts of NO. In the case of Priska milk inhibition of LPS-mediated NO generation was observed. Despite a broad array of cytokines tested [Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Transforming Growth Factor-β and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor] only IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 were released by PBMCs upon stimulation with various milks. Taken together, these data indicate that goats milk for its capacity to produce NO may exert a cardioprotective and anti-atherogenic effect in consumers. Moreover, induction of proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines suggests the ability of this milk to maintain immune homeostasis in the immunocompromised host (e.g., aged people).
Interleukins,milk,peripheral blood mononuclear cells,nitric oxide
Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari,, PRO.GE.SA Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bari,, PRO.GE.SA Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bari, Bari,, PRO.GE.SA Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bari, Bari, Anatomy, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; 4Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bari, Bari,, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari