Aniruddha Sen, Palani Selvam Mohanraj, Srinivas Nagaram, Anita Samanta, Sumel Ashique*, Anas Islam, Shriyansh Srivastava, Harpreet Singh, Arun Kumar Mishra, Shivani Chopra and Hitesh Chopra Pages 1 - 14 ( 14 )
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, playing a crucial role in intercellular communication by carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thus holding significant potential in diagnostics and therapeutics. Accurate labeling of exosomes is vital for studying their biogenesis, trafficking, and functional properties, enabling precise tracking and manipulation. This review examines current labeling techniques, including metabolic glycan labeling, chemical tagging, membrane fluorescent dyes, bio-conjugation, non-covalent labeling, and cell-engineering approaches. Each method is analyzed for its efficiency, specificity, and practicality, with attention to potential artifacts and challenges. Advancements in these techniques are essential for improving our understanding of exosome biology and developing exosome-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, providing researchers with valuable insights into state-of-the-art techniques and their applications in exosome research.
Exosomes, metabolic labeling, glycan labeling, chemical tagging, membrane fluorescent dyes, Bio-conjugation.